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In this blog post, we have compiled the key highlights from the session titled “Pulmonary Hypertension”, presented by Dr. Başar Ulaş Sayılkan, held as part of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, sponsored by the Kito Healthy Pet Nutrition Ecosystem. We would like to thank our speaker for the presentation. Pulmonary Hypertension (PH): Not Just a Number — A Disease of the Pulmonary Vascular Bed When you hear “pulmonary hypertension” in the clinic, it immediately makes you pause. It’s not something we diagnose every day. But when we do, it’s never something to take lightly. As Dr. Başar Ulaş Sayılkan emphasizes: First recognize PH, then understand which type it is, and only then intervene from the right angle. Because PH is not a single disease. It is a final common pathway reached through different mechanisms. 1) What Does Pulmonary Hypertension Actually Mean? The body has two major circulatory systems: Systemic circulation (blood going to the body) Pulmonary circulation (blood going to the lungs) When the pressure balance (systole–diastole) in these systems is disrupted, organ perfusion suffers. Impaired perfusion leads to progressive tissue damage. Pulmonary hypertension occurs when: 👉 Pressure in the pulmonary arteries rises above normal levels. Under normal conditions, the pulmonary circulation is a low-pressure, low-resistance system. In PH, this system shifts from a “free-flow” state to a high-resistance state. Numerically, PH is defined as: Elevated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure Elevated diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure Mean pulmonary arterial pressure above 25 mmHg But clinically, the real issue is this: PH is not just a pressure disorder — it is a disease of the pulmonary vascular bed. 2) The Core Problem: Vascular Wall Thickening At the heart of PH lies structural change: The pulmonary vessel walls thicken. The lumen narrows. Vascular resistance increases. The right heart must now pump against a much harder system to move blood into the lungs. Initially, the body compensates. But over time: Arteries, arterioles, and venules undergo remodeling. Elasticity is lost. Vessels become stiff, almost scar-like. The feared endpoint? 👉 Right-sided heart failure. 3) Why Is PH So Insidious? Pulmonary hypertension may not become clinically evident until approximately 60% of the pulmonary vascular bed is compromised. That means a patient may appear stable for years. Even more striking: Up to 50% of dogs with moderate PH may show no obvious clinical signs. This makes PH: Late to declare itself Capable of sudden deterioration More difficult to manage once advanced 4) Which Pathways Drive Disease Progression? Pulmonary vascular tone is regulated by three major systems: 1️⃣ Endothelin Pathway Potent vasoconstrictor Increased endothelin = worsening PH 2️⃣ Nitric Oxide (NO) Pathway Vasodilator Reduced NO allows vasoconstriction to dominate 3️⃣ Prostacyclin Pathway Vasodilator Anti-thrombotic Reduced prostacyclin: Increases thrombotic tendency Worsens disease progression In short: When vasoconstrictors increase and vasodilators decrease, PH advances. 5) Cats or Dogs? In Cats Congenital abnormalities are more commonly implicated. In Dogs The most frequent cause is: 👉 Left-sided heart disease, especially degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). Mitral valve disease is common. However, only a subset of these patients progresses to PH. 6) Classification: You Can’t Treat Without a Map PH is not a primary diagnosis — it is a consequence. Classification guides therapy. 1️⃣ Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Idiopathic Secondary to left-to-right shunts (PDA, VSD) 2️⃣ PH Secondary to Left Heart Disease Most common in dogs DMVD is the key player 3️⃣ PH Secondary to Respiratory Disease Chronic hypoxia Pulmonary fibrosis Chronic bronchitis Pneumonia 4️⃣ PH Secondary to Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE) Hypercoagulability Endothelial injury Blood flow stasis 5️⃣ Parasitic Causes Heartworm disease (Dirofilaria) 6️⃣ Multifactorial For example, DMVD plus chronic lung disease Key clinical message: It’s not enough to say “this patient has PH.” You must determine which group. 7) Precapillary vs Postcapillary PH A practical clinical shortcut: Precapillary PH Problem originates in the pulmonary vasculature. (Heartworm, PTE, lung disease) Postcapillary PH Problem originates in the left heart. Elevated left atrial pressure increases pulmonary pressure. (DMVD is the classic example) This distinction directly impacts treatment decisions. 8) Clinical Signs: The Language of the Right Heart Signs are not specific, but patterns emerge: Exercise intolerance Dyspnea or tachypnea Lethargy Inappetence Syncope (fainting episodes due to reduced cerebral perfusion) Cough (more common in dogs) Cyanosis Jugular distension Ascites Hepatomegaly Tricuspid regurgitation murmur But again: 👉 Mild to moderate PH may be clinically silent. 9) The Diagnostic “Gold Trio” in Practice 1️⃣ Radiography Right heart enlargement Pulmonary artery dilation Parenchymal lung changes Pleural effusion or ascites 2️⃣ Laboratory Testing CBC and biochemistry Blood gas analysis Coagulation profile NT-proBNP, troponin (supportive) Annual heartworm testing 3️⃣ Echocardiography (Most Powerful Tool) Key parameters: Tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity (Vmax) 3.4 m/s = strong suspicion Pressure estimation: 4 × V² 50 mmHg = concerning 80 mmHg = critical D-sign Septal flattening due to right pressure overload Main pulmonary artery to aorta ratio 1.2 suggests dilation RPAD index < 36% supports PH Pulmonary artery flow notching Characteristic in advanced PH 10) Treatment: Not Just “Start Sildenafil” Yes, sildenafil is often the first drug that comes to mind. But Dr. Sayılkan stresses: Never start sildenafil blindly without distinguishing precapillary from postcapillary PH. In Precapillary PH Sildenafil is often appropriate and beneficial. In Postcapillary PH (e.g., DMVD) Sildenafil may reduce cardiac output and worsen the patient. In these cases, priority should be: Pimobendan Management of left heart disease Reduction of venous congestion Additionally: Oxygen for hypoxic patients Anticoagulation for PTE Guideline-based heartworm treatment when indicated In short: We do not treat “PH” in isolation. We treat the pathway that led to PH. Conclusion: Clarity Wins in PH Management Pulmonary hypertension may sound like a single diagnosis, but it is the result of multiple potential mechanisms. A structured approach is key: 1. Is PH present? 2. Which group does it belong to? 3. Precapillary or postcapillary? 4. What is the underlying cause? 5. How should treatment be tailored to this specific patient? When you think clearly and systematically, pulmonary hypertension becomes less intimidating — and more manageable. We will continue sharing key takeaways from the sessions of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, sponsored by the Kito Healthy Pet Nutrition Ecosystem. See you in our upcoming content that will support your clinical practice. For more information about Kito, you can visit www.kito.pet, follow our social media accounts, or contact us at info@kito.pet.

Most of us use a simple formula when calculating our pets age: “1 year = 7 human years.” When calculating the age of our furry companions, many of us still rely on the “1 year = 7 human years” formula. However, this calculation is no longer scientifically valid. Dogs and cats do not age at the same rate every year. Especially during the first 1- 2 years, they go through a much faster developmental period than you might think. For example, a 1 year old dog or cat is considered roughly equivalent to a 15 year old human, and a 2 year old corresponds to about a 24 year old human. After that, the aging rate slows down, and each additional year equals approximately 4 - 5 human years. This means your 5 year old companion may not be as “middle aged” as you assume. Age Differences Also Vary by Breed! Small breeds generally live longer, while large breeds tend to age faster. A 7 year old Chihuahua may still be considered middle-aged, whereas a 7 year old Great Dane may already fall into the senior category. Researchers base these calculations on epigenetic data such as DNA methylation and suggest that biological age can differ from chronological age. Why Is This Important? Because knowing the correct age directly affects care planning from nutrition and exercise to joint health support and regular veterinary checkups. You may not be living with a “teenager,” but rather with a companion who has entered a more mature stage of life. Knowing their true age is the first step toward extending the healthy years you will share together. References: 1. Quantitative Translation of Dog‑to‑Human Aging by Conserved Remodeling of the DNA Methylome (ScienceDirect) 2. Epigenetics study updates the dog‑to‑human age formula (NIH) 3. DNA methylation clocks for dogs and humans (PNAS) 4. Dog Aging Project (resmi web sitesi) 5. Dog Aging Project – National Institute on Aging (NIA) 6. Dog Aging Project (Wikipedia) 7. Scientists Found the Formula to Calculate Your Dog’s Actual Age (Popular Mechanics)

In this blog post, we have compiled the key highlights from the session titled “Dilated Cardiomyopathy”, presented by Dr. Onur İskefli, held as part of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, sponsored by the Kito Healthy Pet Nutrition Ecosystem. We would like to thank our speaker for the presentation. Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs: It Starts Quietly, Then One Day It Knocks With Syncope Some diseases appear to happen “suddenly” in the clinic, but in reality they have been building for years. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs is exactly that kind of process. It is typically associated with medium-to-large breeds as a “genetic fate,” but we now know the issue is not purely genetic. Diet, medications, endocrine diseases—many different pathways can open the door to the same clinical picture. In the 7th session of New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Dr. Onur İskefli explained DCM in a practical, field-oriented way. Two key messages stood out: “The most critical thing in DCM is early detection. Once clinical signs appear, you are already in a completely different phase.” “If you see syncope in a patient, you cannot move forward without an ECG.” 1) What Is DCM? A Disease of “Loss of Contractile Power” Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle. The basic problem is: The heart chambers enlarge (especially the left ventricle and left atrium). The walls become thinner. Contraction (systolic function) decreases significantly. In other words, the heart becomes larger but not stronger; it becomes weaker as it dilates. 2) The Cause Is Not One: Genetics + Nutrition + Secondary Factors The speaker challenged the classic “purely genetic disease” assumption. Genetics still play a major role: Breeds such as Dobermans and Boxers have clear predispositions. Several genetic variants have been identified. However, other important contributors exist in real-life practice: Nutritional causes Taurine deficiency is one of the most critical factors. Well known in cats since the 1990s, which is why taurine is routinely added to cat foods. In dogs, the risk also increases with certain diets. Carnitine deficiency (especially in Spaniel-type breeds) may trigger DCM. Drug-related and toxic causes Cardiotoxic chemotherapy agents such as doxorubicin can directly cause DCM. These patients must be monitored cardiologically before and after treatment. Secondary / endocrine-related pathways Conditions such as hyperadrenocorticism and pheochromocytoma can create chronic catecholamine overload, gradually damaging the myocardium and leading to DCM. In summary: “Sometimes DCM is fate, sometimes it is an incorrect diet, and sometimes it is the final stage of another disease.” 3) Phases: The Gap Between the Occult Stage and the Clinical Stage Clinical management of DCM is impossible without understanding its phases. The speaker explained this clearly by comparing it to the ACVIM mitral valve staging system: Occult phase (asymptomatic) The breed is at risk but shows no clinical signs. Or arrhythmias are present on ECG/Holter without systolic dysfunction. At this stage: monitoring is the priority, not medication. annual echocardiography and, ideally, Holter screening are recommended. Overt phase (symptomatic) Clinical signs are now present: heart failure, arrhythmias, syncope, etc. At this stage, treatment becomes more aggressive and quality of life becomes the main goal. 4) Clinical Signs: How Does DCM Reveal Itself? DCM typically presents in two ways: Signs of left-sided heart failure cough exercise intolerance tachypnea If both left and right sides are affected ascites (abdominal fluid accumulation), in addition to the above signs Arrhythmias (the most critical alarm signal) ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) atrial fibrillation ventricular tachycardia → may progress to fibrillation The speaker emphasized an important clinical reflex: “If you see syncope, do an ECG first.” Many fainting episodes have a potentially fatal arrhythmia in the background. 5) The Cough Issue: “Heart Patients Cough” Is Not Always True This was one of the most educational parts of the talk. The main mechanism of cardiac cough: the left atrium enlarges it compresses the left main bronchus coughing begins However, pulmonary edema does not always cause cough, because: cough receptors are concentrated in the upper airways there are very few in the alveoli If edema is mainly alveolar, the patient may have severe dyspnea without coughing. Cough becomes more likely once fluid reaches the bronchi, sometimes accompanied by pink frothy discharge. Clinical takeaway: Do not rule out heart disease because there is no cough, and do not assume edema simply because cough is present. 6) Diagnosis: Suspect With Radiographs, Confirm With Echocardiography Physical examination is the foundation The speaker strongly emphasized full-body clinical examination before advanced testing: inspection palpation auscultation respiratory rate, pulse quality, temperature Without this, further testing becomes “imaging without knowing what you are looking for.” ECG Common findings: sinus tachycardia atrial fibrillation ventricular premature complexes In syncope cases, ECG is a life-saving first step. Radiography Generalized cardiomegaly can be seen, but this alone does not confirm DCM because: pericardial effusion may create a similar appearance. Echocardiography (the diagnostic key) Echocardiographic criteria supporting DCM include: normalized LVIDd > 1.7 sphericity index > 1.65 fractional shortening (FS) < 25% ejection fraction (EF) < 45% LA/Ao ≥ 1.6 EPSS > 7.7 With echo images, the speaker clearly demonstrated: the ventricle is enlarged, walls are thin, and contraction is weak—like “an incomplete closure performed by hand.” 7) Nutritional DCM: The Grain-Free Diet Paradox A growing issue in real-world practice: a small-breed dog (for example, a Yorkshire Terrier) developing DCM after 10 years on a grain-free diet. The mechanism: grain-free diets often rely heavily on plant-based proteins (lentils, peas). The methionine–taurine synthesis cycle may not be adequately supported. Over time, nutritional DCM may develop. Key warning: “Even if the breed is not predisposed, diet history can still lead to DCM.” 8) Treatment: Management Based on Phase Occult phase do not start medication in asymptomatic at-risk patients regular monitoring + avoid intense exercise omega-3 may be recommended (evidence is limited but benefits are possible) Arrhythmia present without systolic dysfunction Holter monitoring is ideal; if not available, serial ECGs antiarrhythmic therapy if needed taurine/carnitine supplementation + dietary correction Systolic dysfunction begins (preclinical stage similar to B2) pimobendan becomes essential based on the PROTECT study, it is emphasized to delay clinical signs Clinical heart failure (Stage C) Four core drugs form the backbone: loop diuretic (furosemide) ACE inhibitor pimobendan spironolactone Arrhythmia-specific therapy: atrial fibrillation: diltiazem / digoxin VPCs: sotalol / mexiletine / amiodarone when necessary Monitoring becomes essential: electrolytes (K, Na, Mg) renal function Refractory advanced stage (Stage D) torsemide (approximately 10 times stronger than furosemide) hospital-based dobutamine / IV inotropes close monitoring 9) Home Monitoring: Sleeping Respiratory Rate Saves Lives The most valuable homework for owners: sleeping respiratory rate. over 30 breaths per minute = early edema alarm If owners detect this early, the patient can often be stabilized as an outpatient before severe edema develops. If not detected, the patient may arrive in emergency with 50–60 breaths per minute, requiring hospitalization. 10) Anxiety Management in Acute Cases: The Butorphanol Note In acute pulmonary edema, the animal feels like it is suffocating and panics. A practical point highlighted by the speaker: Butorphanol is a good anxiolytic. It has minimal cardiac effects and makes treatment much easier to manage. Closing: The Most Important Thing in DCM Is Catching It Before Symptoms Appear This session left three clear clinical messages: 1. DCM is not caused by a single factor. Diet history is extremely valuable for diagnosis. 2. A patient diagnosed in the occult phase will have a completely different life compared to one diagnosed in the symptomatic phase. 3. Syncope + arrhythmia risk = never skip ECG. Heart disease can progress silently for years… But one day, that silence turns into a patient that suddenly collapses in the clinic. In that moment, your strongest tool is knowledge and clinical reflex. “The heart may become enlarged, but if you are late, the game becomes much bigger.” We will continue sharing key highlights from VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, sponsored by the Kito Healthy Pet Nutrition Ecosystem. See you in our upcoming content that will support your clinical practice. For more information about Kito, you can visit www.kito.pet, follow our social media accounts, or contact us at info@kito.pet.

In this blog post, we have compiled the key highlights from the session titled “Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery in Cats and Dogs”, presented by Prof. Dr. Hakan Salcı, held as part of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, sponsored by the Kito Healthy Pet Nutrition Ecosystem. We would like to thank our speaker for the presentation. Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery in Cats and Dogs: The Vital Journey of Breathing and Circulation This time, on the clinical sciences stage of VetSummit, we took a closer look at a highly critical field that directly affects the lives of our furry companions: thoracic (chest), cardiac, and vascular surgery in cats and dogs. Prof. Dr. Hakan Salcı from Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine explained both the essential anatomy and the emergency conditions commonly encountered in daily practice, supported by real case examples throughout the session. As Kito, we summarized the key insights from this valuable session in a way that pet parents can easily understand—because sometimes what looks like “shortness of breath” or “getting tired quickly” can be a warning sign of something far more serious. What Is the Thorax, and Why Is It So Important? The thorax, or chest cavity, is essentially home to two vital organ systems: The respiratory system: the lungs The circulatory system: the heart and major blood vessels Because problems in this region directly affect breathing and blood circulation, thoracic surgery is considered one of the most delicate areas in veterinary medicine. One point especially emphasized by Prof. Salcı was this: Before performing thoracic surgery, anatomy and physiology must be understood extremely well—because the surgical approach from the right or left side changes which organs can be accessed and which techniques should be used. The Most Common Reasons for Thoracic Surgery: Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Causes Conditions requiring thoracic surgery can be broadly grouped into two categories: 1) Traumatic Causes (Sudden-Onset Emergencies) The most common include: traffic accidents falls from height fights and bite wounds blunt trauma (impact or crushing injuries) These cases may cause emergencies such as rib fractures, pulmonary contusions, or air leakage into the chest cavity. 2) Non-Traumatic Causes (Congenital or Acquired Conditions) Examples include: congenital cardiac abnormalities lung tumors esophageal foreign bodies pleural or pericardial fluid accumulation Some of these conditions may progress silently, which makes routine veterinary check-ups especially important. A Major Emergency in Pets: Pneumothorax (Air Accumulation in the Chest Cavity) One of the most detailed topics in the session was pneumothorax. Simply put: Pneumothorax refers to air entering the chest cavity, causing partial or complete collapse of the lung. It may occur due to trauma, but can also develop spontaneously because of lung lesions or tumors. What warning signs at home should be treated as an emergency? open-mouth breathing obvious respiratory distress very rapid breathing weakness and a collapsed posture pale or bluish mucous membranes sudden rapid deterioration As Prof. Salcı emphasized: Pneumothorax is an emergency, and the first goal is to stabilize breathing and circulation. If necessary, air is removed using a chest tube, and negative pressure is restored. Chylothorax: Can “Milky White” Lymph Fluid Collect in the Chest? Yes—it can. Chylothorax is the accumulation of lymphatic (chylous) fluid in the thoracic cavity. It may present with: respiratory distress exercise intolerance (fatigue easily) reduced appetite weight loss Diagnosis is supported by the milky-white appearance of pleural fluid and its triglyceride levels. Treatment may be medical or surgical (such as thoracic duct ligation), depending on the case. A Congenital Condition: PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus) Another important topic was PDA, which is the persistence of a vascular connection that should close after birth. In young animals with PDA, signs may include: getting tired quickly heavy breathing stunted growth pulmonary edema Diagnosis is confirmed through advanced imaging (echocardiography and, in some cases, CT/MRI), and most cases are treated surgically by closing the abnormal connection. After successful intervention, cardiac workload decreases and quality of life improves significantly. The Hidden Hero of Surgical Success: Proper Monitoring and Support In thoracic and cardiac surgeries, the process does not end with the operation. As Prof. Salcı explained, even the smallest detail matters: full monitoring during anesthesia blood gas analysis, oxygen saturation tracking, ECG monitoring appropriate management of drainage duration postoperative pain control and calm recovery conditions supporting overall physical resilience as part of healing Where Does Nutrition Fit Into This Process? For pets dealing with thoracic or cardiovascular problems, highly digestible, balanced, clean-ingredient nutrition is extremely valuable. Because: the body needs high-quality protein for tissue repair, the immune system is under stress and needs support, appetite may decrease, so smaller portions with stronger nutritional density are often more appropriate. At Kito, we value supporting pets through these sensitive periods with fresh, natural-ingredient products developed alongside veterinary professionals. Every pet’s needs are different, so nutrition plans should always be designed together with your veterinarian. In Summary… This session reminded us once again: Breathing and circulation sit at the very center of life for our furry companions. In chest, heart, and vascular conditions, early recognition and timely veterinary support can save lives. If you notice breathing changes, sudden weakness, or unusually rapid fatigue in your pet, do not assume it will “go away.” Consult a veterinarian as soon as possible. We are all here together to support our pets in living long, healthy, and joyful lives. We will continue sharing key highlights from the sessions of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, sponsored by the Kito Healthy Pet Nutrition Ecosystem. See you in our upcoming content that will support your clinical practice. For more information about Kito, you can visit www.kito.pet, follow our social media accounts, or contact us at info@kito.pet.

Cats and milk… This pairing has long existed side by side in the imagination of cat lovers. Many of us remember childhood cartoon scenes of a cute cat licking milk beside a warm fireplace. However, the reality behind this charming image may not be as innocent as it seems; the answer to the question “can cats drink milk?” is not a simple yes or no. It requires a detailed evaluation supported by scientific data. During the kitten stage, mother’s milk is critically important for healthy development. At this stage, kittens produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme needed to digest lactose. However, as cats grow older, the production of this enzyme decreases, and adult cats lose much of their ability to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk. As a result, most adult cats develop lactose intolerance; in other words, lactose cannot be properly digested and instead ferments in the intestines, leading to diarrhea, gas, and stomach discomfort. This is supported by scientific studies and veterinary opinions. Many adult cats cannot adequately break down the lactose found in cow’s milk. For this reason, milk can strain the digestive system and cause discomfort in many cats. When lactose is not digested, it draws water into the intestines, which can result in symptoms such as soft stools or diarrhea, gas, bloating, and abdominal pain. Although milk may appear appealing, it is not a beverage that meets a cat’s true nutritional needs; cats are obligate carnivores and obtain their nutritional requirements primarily from high-quality animal protein. Some cats may tolerate very small amounts of milk and may even seem to enjoy it, but this does not apply to all cats. The attraction to milk usually comes from its fat and protein content; however, this appeal does not make milk a suitable or healthy food choice. Milk Alternatives and Healthier Options Whole cow’s milk is not recommended for adult cats. If you wish to offer your cat a milk-like taste, specially formulated cat milk products or lactose-free milk alternatives may be considered. - However, it should not be forgotten that even these products should not exceed the recommended amounts. Most veterinarians advise that a cat’s daily fluid needs should be met primarily with fresh, clean water. The Situation for Kittens For kittens, mother’s milk is essential. If the mother cat is not present, veterinarian-approved kitten milk replacer formulas should be used. Products intended for humans or cow’s milk alternatives are not suitable for kittens and can lead to digestive problems. In conclusion, giving cow’s milk to adult cats is generally not a healthy choice, and this practice can cause serious digestive issues beyond the myth created by popular culture. Although you may find yourself faced with your cat’s sweet, pleading looks asking for milk, the best approach for their long-term health is to ensure that their daily drink is always fresh, clean water. References Cornell Feline Health Center. (t.y.). Feeding your cat. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feeding-your-cat Are cats lactose intolerant? — Cats Protection UK Blog. https://www.cats.org.uk/cats-blog/are-cats-lactose-intolerant?utm_source Clinical and Morphological Manifestations… (Biosci Biotech Res Asia 2019.) https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol16no4/clinical-and-morphological-manifestations-of-disorders-of-the-gastrointestinal-tract-of-cats-with-regular-consumption-of-lactos

As part of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, held with the sponsorship of Kito Healthy Pet Food Ecosystem, we have compiled the key takeaways from the session titled “Ozone Therapy in Companion Animals with Veterinarian Batuhan Natur.” We sincerely thank Dr. Natur for his valuable presentation. During the seminar, Dr. Batuhan Natur covered both the scientific foundations of ozone and how it should be applied in clinical settings in a correct and safe manner. The core message of the session was clearly summarized in two essential statements: Ozone therapy is not the same as “room ozonation” or “air disinfection.” Medical application is fundamentally different. Dosage is everything. When the dose is correct, it is therapeutic; when incorrect, it can be toxic. What Is Ozone? Why Is the Term “Medical Ozone” Emphasized? Ozone (O₃) is a gas composed of three oxygen atoms and has strong oxidative properties. Due to its unstable structure, it rapidly decomposes into O₂ and releases a free oxygen atom. This free oxygen atom is the primary source of ozone’s biological effects. Key characteristics include: A distinct sharp odor (often described as the “earthy smell” after a thunderstorm). Approximately 10 times higher solubility in water compared to oxygen. A short half-life; at room temperature, it loses activity within 20–30 minutes. 📌 For this reason, ozone is not prepared in advance and stored; it must be generated immediately before administration, next to the patient. Critical safety note: The only area where ozone must not be applied is the respiratory system and lungs. Inhalation is toxic. Brief Historical Overview 1839: Discovery of ozone 1840s: Use in operating room disinfection World War I: Significant role in the management of gangrene One of the key pioneers of modern medical ozone therapy: Bocci A Medical Ozone Generator Is Essential (Industrial Devices Are High-Risk) One of Dr. Natur’s strongest warnings concerned device safety: ✅ Medical ozone must be generated using certified medical-grade equipment. ❌ Industrial ozone generators or concentrator/air-based devices are not appropriate for medical use. Why? When ozone is produced from ambient air, nitrogen oxide derivatives may form, which can cause both respiratory and systemic toxicity. A proper medical ozone device should: Operate using a medical oxygen cylinder. Deliver a controlled and measurable concentration range. Safe concentration range: ✅ 1–80 gamma (µg/mL) Key risk point: Industrial devices often produce ozone in grams, which may reach lethal levels. 📌 Device calibration is also critical: A deviation of ±1 gamma may be acceptable; anything beyond that is considered unsafe. Therefore, annual servicing and calibration are mandatory. How Does Ozone Act in the Body? When ozone is introduced into the bloodstream, two key “messenger” groups are generated: ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) LOP (Lipid Oxidation Products) These substances activate the NRF2 pathway within cells and stimulate antioxidant defense gene expression. ✅ Primary Clinical Effects of Ozone Induces controlled oxidative stress → Activates and strengthens endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. Enhances circulation and oxygenation Facilitates oxygen release from hemoglobin → improved tissue oxygenation. Increases nitric oxide release from the endothelium → supports microcirculation. Modulates immunity (dose-dependent) Low dose → immune activation and antioxidant reinforcement High dose → cytokine suppression and immunosuppressive effect Supports tissue repair Enhances collagen synthesis → accelerates wound healing May increase mitochondrial ATP production → supports general recovery and well-being Dosage Principles (The Most Critical Segment of the Seminar) Dr. Natur categorized clinical dosing as follows: 10–20 gamma: Oxygenation, tissue repair, support in gangrene/ischemia 20–30 gamma: General recovery dose, organ damage support, systemic rehabilitation 40–50 gamma: Antiviral/antimicrobial effects; autoimmune and allergic conditions 60–70 gamma: Severe viral burden + acute rectal bleeding control >80 gamma: Cytotoxic → not used therapeutically 📌 Cancer cases: In his clinical practice, Dr. Natur typically stays at 10 gamma and does not exceed 20 gamma. Routes of Administration Ozone can be administered through multiple routes except via the lungs. Major Autohemotherapy (Ozonation of Blood) 50–250 mL of blood is drawn Mixed with an equal volume of ozone gas Immediately reinfused intravenously Requires 8–15 sessions (2–3 times per week) Clinical applications: infections, circulatory disorders, oncology support, autoimmune diseases, organ insufficiencies, diabetes. Important materials note: Ozone-resistant tubing and syringes must be used (glass/teflon/siliconized). Standard plastic syringes and infusion sets may pose a microplastic release risk. Rectal Insufflation (Systemic and Practical) One of the most practical systemic approaches in small animals. More sessions may be required compared to major autohemotherapy. Recommended volumes: Cats: 20–30 mL Small dogs: 30–60 mL Medium–large dogs: 60–150 mL 📌 Rapid administration or excessive volume may increase the risk of colon distension or rupture. Minor Autohemotherapy (“Ozone Vaccine”) 2–10 mL of blood is drawn Mixed with an equal volume of ozone Administered SC/IM This may be considered a nonspecific immune-supportive approach and may be preferred for allergic, viral, and dermatologic autoimmune conditions. Bag/Cup Ozonation (Local Application) Commonly used for chronic or infected wounds. The wound and the interior of the bag are moistened (ozone is ineffective on dry surfaces). The bag is vacuum-sealed. Ozone is introduced for 15–20 minutes. Dosage strategy: Infected phase: 70–80 gamma Healing phase: 20–30 gamma Local Injections May be administered intramuscularly, perilesionally, paravertebrally, or at acupuncture points. Typically 10–20 gamma in small volumes (0.1–0.3 mL). Intra-articular applications: Used for OA, arthritis, meniscal conditions, etc. For acute cases, ozone is recommended first, followed by PRP. Dr. Natur noted that combining PRP with ozone may enhance PRP efficacy. Intradiscal / Foraminal Ozone (Notable in Neurology) This was one of the most striking sections of the seminar. Within the intervertebral disc, ozone may: reduce inflammation decrease disc volume by facilitating dehydration reduce pain Dr. Natur shared cases where paraplegic dogs regained the ability to walk within weeks, including a chronic paraplegic case of six months’ duration that stood again within 45 days. Protocol approach: First-line: paravertebral/foraminal ozone (less invasive) If no response within 3–5 days → intradiscal ozone (general anesthesia + fluoroscopic guidance) Where Can Ozone Therapy Be Effective? Ozone therapy has a wide range of clinical applications in veterinary practice, including: Viral diseases (e.g., parvovirus, distemper) Dermatology (atopic dermatitis, chronic otitis, wound management) Orthopedics (OA, tendon and meniscal disorders) Neurology (disc herniation, epilepsy support) Diabetic wounds and gangrene Supportive care in kidney/liver insufficiency Autoimmune and rheumatic diseases Gynecological infections such as mastitis and endometritis (supported in the literature) Critical Warning Regarding “Ozonated Serum” At the end of the session, Dr. Natur emphasized an important caution: ❌ Ozonating isotonic solutions/serum is not true ozone therapy. When ozone reacts with isotonic fluids, sodium hypochlorite may form, shifting the procedure toward a chemical effect (similar to bleach-like reactions) rather than biological ozone therapy. Conclusion: Ozone Is Not “Alternative”—It Is a Powerful Clinical Tool When Used Correctly The clinical impact of ozone therapy can be substantial when applied under appropriate conditions: ✅ With the right device, correct dose, and proper materials, ozone may: help control infections support circulation accelerate regeneration reduce pain modulate immune function ❌ With an incorrect device or uncontrolled dosing, it may: become toxic cause more harm than benefit The clinical summary of the seminar was captured in the following statement: “Ozone is not a cure-all, but with the right protocol it can provide significant support in many conditions.” We will continue sharing key takeaways from VetSummit 2025 sessions under the sponsorship of Kito Healthy Pet Food Ecosystem. We look forward to meeting you again in upcoming content designed to support your clinical practice. For more information about Kito, please visit www.kito.pet, follow us on social media, or contact us at info@kito.pet.

As part of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, held within the scope of the Healthy Pet Food Ecosystem and sponsored by Kito, we have compiled the key takeaways from the session titled “Veterinarian Batuhan Elifoğlu / Introduction to Oral and Dental Health in Cats and Dogs: Anatomy, Dental Charting and COHAT” in this blog post for you. We would like to thank our lecturer for his presentation. Two Things Happened at Once: Nutrition for Longevity and a Clinical Guide to Dental Medicine For veterinary students and clinicians, the 8th session of the October 2025 VetSummit delivered two experiences at the same time. On one hand, we listened to Kito’s story—an effort to reshape the answer to the question “What are we feeding our pets?” On the other hand, we explored an introductory veterinary dentistry session that provided a clinical answer to the question “How do we interpret the oral cavity?” In this article, we present both the big picture from the sponsor presentation and the practical clinical knowledge shared by Batuhan Elifoğlu on oral and dental health in cats and dogs—all in one smooth, blog-style flow. More Than a Pet Food Brand: Kito’s “Healthy Pet Nutrition Ecosystem” The session opened with Kito’s co-founder, Alper, being invited to the stage. From the very first minutes, the framework was clear: Kito positions itself not only as a pet food brand, but as a nutrition ecosystem designed to help pets live longer and healthier lives. Key strengths: Full control of meat sourcing Lamb and beef are produced antibiotic-free and GMO-free at the founders’ own farm, Karkas Farm. Other ingredients such as chicken, turkey, and salmon are sourced according to standards set by Kito. In other words: “Kito knows exactly what goes into the product.” Large-scale production through strong partners Dardanel is both an investor and a production partner. The sterilization and shelf-life technology (autoclave processing) comes from Dardanel’s experience in ready-to-eat foods and seafood. Kito’s growth story was explained chronologically. Initially, they wanted to launch fresh food products, but licensing processes took longer than expected. So they entered the market first with dry food and treats. Later, the fresh food line was launched—initially produced in their own kitchen, using frozen-shipping logistics with a capacity of 5 tons per month. As scaling became necessary, they moved into industrial production through the Dardanel partnership. This was followed by vitamins, international export operations (a distributor in Russia and a company in Dubai), and today’s point: a portfolio of 52 products. Kito Fresh: How Can “Human-Standard Fresh Food” Last Two Years at Room Temperature? The clear star of the presentation was the Kito Fresh series. Alper described it as “fresh, natural, human-grade ingredients.” The ingredient list resembles everyday grocery shopping: pumpkin, carrot, apple, peas, broccoli combined with protein options such as lamb, beef, chicken, and fish. This naturally leads to an important question: “How can fresh food remain stable for 24 months at room temperature?” The answer is simple but critical: the products are sterilized using Dardanel’s autoclave technology, eliminating microorganisms that would cause spoilage. Since the product is not exposed to air until the package is opened, spoilage risk is prevented. This creates a model that is both practical and long shelf-life, while still being fresh-food based. Another important point highlighted was the pricing segment. KitoFresh is a complete diet suitable for feeding alone, but it is a premium product. Under local economic conditions, Kito recommends a hybrid feeding model mixing it with dry food to adapt to different budgets. Their website includes a portion calculator algorithm where owners enter the pet’s age, weight, and breed to receive a daily feeding recommendation. Global trends were also emphasized: major corporations such as Nestlé and Mars are investing heavily in fresh pet food brands in the United States and Europe. Behind this trend are studies suggesting that fresh diets may reduce cancer risk and support cellular regeneration in pets. A Clinic-Exclusive Series: “Not Available Online Only Through Veterinarians” At a summit heavily attended by veterinary students, the clinic-focused question naturally came up: “If I have my own clinic tomorrow, why should I carry Kito?” Alper answered clearly: The Veterinary Series of Kito Fresh will be available only in clinics and will not be sold online. This provides two advantages for clinics: Commercial protection (no online price competition) A strong trust perception (transparent sourcing and a story that clients can connect with) One of the most memorable statements of the day was: “We are not Nestlé or Mars, but in a trust-based and emotionally driven space, we can deliver real value to clinics.” The Second Half of the Day: Facing Veterinary Dentistry After the sponsor segment, the stage shifted to Batuhan Elifoğlu. Although the title included the word “introduction,” the content was essentially a complete clinical guide: Oral and dental health in cats and dogs, anatomy, dental charting, and the QUAT/COHAT protocol. Elifoğlu’s approach was clear from the start: “You cannot interpret abnormal tissue unless you understand normal tissue.” That is why he began with skull types. Why Are Skull Types So Important? Clinically, we encounter three basic skull types: Mesocephalic: Labrador, Golden Retriever, domestic shorthair cats—standard reference type Brachycephalic: Pug, French Bulldog, Boxer highest risk group for oral disease Dolichocephalic: Collie-type long-nosed breeds In brachycephalic breeds, the number of teeth is the same, but the jaw is shorter. This causes crowding, rotation, and increased plaque/tartar accumulation in tight spaces. The result: even an oral cavity that looks “normal” externally may hide severe periodontal destruction deeper inside. A Critical Warning About Spring-Loaded Mouth Gags One of the strongest warnings from Elifoğlu was this: Spring-loaded mouth gags in cats can cause serious temporomandibular joint damage and even blindness. When the jaw is held open for long periods, the maxillary artery can become compressed, disrupting blood supply to the retina and brain. Therefore, passive devices that do not apply external force are recommended. The Triadan System: A Shared Language for Talking About Teeth Before moving into dental charting, Elifoğlu explained positional terminology and the Triadan numbering system. In summary: The mouth has four quadrants: 100–200–300–400 Deciduous teeth: 500–600–700–800 Dogs: 42 permanent teeth, 28 deciduous teeth Cats: 30 permanent teeth, 26 deciduous teeth This system allows clinicians to describe any tooth precisely, without relying on relative terms such as “upper right canine.” Dental Charting Cannot Be Done on an Awake Patient Charting is the documentation of a full-mouth examination. But one condition is essential: Dental charting must be performed under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Accurate probing, measurement, and recording are not possible in an awake animal. Elifoğlu reminded attendees of the “four-handed rule”: one clinician calls out the measurements while an assistant records them. This reduces both time and error risk. The standard charting process includes: malocclusion check before intubation missing teeth or mass evaluation periodontal probing (at least 4 sites per tooth) treatment plan and procedure notes postoperative recording and photography Periodontal Indices: “Extraction or Treatment?” This section was one of the most clinically relevant. Periodontal disease is staged as follows: Stage 0: normal Stage 1: gingivitis, no attachment loss Stage 2: < 25% attachment loss Stage 3: 25–50% loss, root exposure possible Stage 4: > 50% loss, advanced mobility → extraction is often indicated Additional indices included in charting forms: calculus index (CL1–3) furcation stages (1–3) mobility grading (0–3) feline tooth resorption index (TR1–5) fracture classifications QUAT / COHAT: The Gold Standard Protocol Elifoğlu emphasized that this is how dental procedures should be performed. In summary, the QUAT/COHAT protocol includes: preoperative evaluation (ASA classification, testing, consent) endotracheal intubation pharyngeal packing (to reduce aspiration risk) antiseptic preparation local nerve blocks supragingival and subgingival scaling dental charting + treatment execution polishing (≤3000 RPM with appropriate paste) postoperative radiography safe extubation at-home care education and 6-month follow-ups The simplest takeaway was: “If you skip the standard, you skip the chance of successful treatment.” Closing: Same Day, Same Goal The most valuable part of this session was the dual perspective: On one side, a brand investing in the question “How can nutrition extend health and longevity?” On the other side, the gold standards for managing oral and dental health correctly in clinical practice. Both aim at the same goal: extending quality of life in companion animals. We will continue sharing key highlights from the sessions of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, sponsored by the Kito Healthy Pet Nutrition Ecosystem. See you in our upcoming content that will support your clinical practice. For more information about Kito, you can visit www.kito.pet, follow our social media accounts, or contact us at info@kito.pet.

In this blog post, we have compiled the key takeaways from the session titled “Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stasis/Obstruction in Rabbits – with Research Assistant Dr. Ebuderda Günay”, held as part of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, sponsored by the Kito Healthy Nutrition Ecosystem. We would like to thank our professor for the presentation. Gastrointestinal Syndrome in Rabbits: A Silent Start, a Rapidly Growing Clinical Challenge In exotic animal medicine, there are some diseases that are “very common, yet still not taken seriously enough.” Rabbit gastrointestinal syndrome (GI stasis/obstruction) is exactly such a condition. A quarter of the rabbits brought to clinics arrive with this complaint. Moreover, the problem usually doesn’t begin “all at once”; small factors such as improper feeding, dental problems, stress, and dehydration accumulate—and within 2–3 years, they can turn into a major clinical crisis. Our speaker explained this syndrome clearly, starting from rabbit anatomy and moving through current treatment approaches. The main message of the talk was: “If a rabbit’s gut stops, everything stops. If you catch it early you can save it; if you are late, the race becomes much harder.” A Rabbit Is Not a Rodent, but a Lagomorph: Everything Starts Here To understand GI syndrome in rabbits, the first correct fact is: A rabbit is not a rodent. Rabbits belong to the lagomorph group, and their digestion differs significantly from rodents. This is why “rabbit feeds” sold on the same shelves as rodent feeds in pet shops can cause chronic problems. Rabbit digestion is built on: high fiber + intense fermentation. When this system breaks down, the first thing to collapse rapidly is intestinal motility. The Cecum Is the Heart of the Digestive System When you look at a rabbit’s digestive system, the most striking feature is the enormous cecum: It makes up 40% of the total digestive system volume Fermentation happens here Energy comes largely from volatile fatty acids (acetate, butyrate, propionate) Vitamin K, B vitamins, and microbial protein synthesis occur here If the cecal flora becomes disrupted (dysbiosis): gas forms, toxins increase, energy production decreases, intestinal sluggishness begins. In other words, the main groundwork for GI syndrome is established in the cecum. Rabbits Cannot Vomit: A Small Detail With Huge Clinical Consequences Because of the strong cardiac sphincter at the stomach entrance, rabbits cannot vomit. What does this mean? Preoperative fasting is often unnecessary. But if the stomach–intestinal tract becomes obstructed even once, the contents cannot move back out. A bloated stomach rapidly worsens the animal’s condition. Also, because the stomach pH is very low (1–2): most standard probiotics die in the stomach, which is why probiotic use in rabbits is controversial. Cecotrophs: “Normal Mistaken for Diarrhea” and Owner Misinterpretation Rabbits produce two types of stool: Normal pellet feces (hard, like olive pits) Cecotrophs (soft, smelly, mucous; stick near the anus and are re-ingested) Owners often mistake cecotrophs for diarrhea and panic, bringing the rabbit to the clinic. The veterinarian should ask: “Have you seen the hard pellet feces?” If pellet feces are being produced, the rabbit does not have diarrhea. Most often the issue is diet + obesity + inability to eat cecotrophs. Explaining this correctly prevents unnecessary antibiotics and stops the cycle of improper feeding. Diet = The Number One Cause of This Syndrome Perhaps the clearest message of the seminar was this: 85–90% of a rabbit’s diet must be hay. The ideal ratio: 85% hay (alfalfa / grass hay, etc.) 10% leafy greens 5% pellet feed Hay is essential not only for nutrition, but also for: wearing down teeth, intestinal motility, balancing cecal flora. In diets high in carbohydrates and low in fiber: Clostridium species increase, toxins and gas are produced, digestive pain + appetite loss begin, the gut slows and eventually stops. In practice, GI syndrome is often “the explosion of an animal that has been fed incorrectly for years.” Risk Factors: Why the Syndrome Has No Single Cause Rabbit GI syndrome is multifactorial: Fiber deficiency / improper diet Dental disease Stress and environmental changes Pain and other systemic diseases Dehydration Trichobezoar (hairball) accumulation A critical point: Trichobezoars are not the cause—they are the result. When gut motility slows, hair clumps together, forms a mass, and causes blockage. Saying “I saw a hairball, so that must be the problem” is incomplete — the true issue is the loss of motility. GI Stasis or Obstruction? Making the Distinction Saves Lives There are two main conditions: GI Stasis: motility slows/stops but there is no full blockage Obstruction: mechanical blockage exists (hairball, foreign body, etc.) How to distinguish: Palpation + radiography. On X-ray: In stasis, the stomach is dough-like, full, but gas–fluid levels are not clearly defined. In obstruction, the stomach becomes extremely enlarged, with clear gas + fluid levels. (The speaker describes this as a “boiled egg appearance.”) Obstruction location is also classified: proximal (stomach exit) distal (end of small intestine) colon (very rare) This classification guides treatment decisions. Clinical Alarm Findings: When Does Prognosis Worsen?  If body temperature drops below 36.6°C, mortality risk increases. Blood glucose above 300–360 mg/dl strongly indicates obstruction. Above 444 mg/dl is a critical threshold: prognosis becomes seriously worse. Important note: High glucose in rabbits does not mean diabetes. Glucose rises sharply during stress and obstruction — it’s a metabolic alarm signal. Updated Treatment Paradigm: Medical First, Surgery Second Old approach: “Operate immediately.” New approach (2024–2025 literature): Start with aggressive medical therapy, and only proceed to surgery if there is no response. Backbone of medical treatment: Rehydration: 100 ml/kg/day fluids (SC if needed, mostly IV) Pain control: meloxicam, butorphanol Gas relief: simethicone Force-feeding (to prevent hepatic lipidosis): Critical Care / Oxbow-type formulas Prokinetic support: metoclopramide (effect debated but can be used) Lidocaine / FLK protocol: lidocaine shown to greatly increase motility FLK (fentanyl-lidocaine-ketamine) is strong, but fentanyl access is difficult in practice, lidocaine + ketamine + opioid combinations are effective Medical treatment success rates in many studies: 80–90%. When Is Surgery Needed? And Why Is It Always Risky? If after 24–48 hours of medical therapy: glucose does not decrease, X-rays show no progress, clinical improvement does not begin, then surgery is considered. But the reality of surgery is clear: average survival rate is around 47% if postoperative care is poor, this drops even further That’s why the speaker emphasized this principle: “Advancing the blockage is better than cutting the intestines.” Whenever possible, pushing the mass into the stomach/cecum and emptying it from there is preferred. Conclusion: Rabbit GI Syndrome Is a Battle of “Feeding + Motility” This seminar reminded us of the most critical lesson in rabbit medicine: A rabbit’s intestines do not tolerate stopping. No fiber → flora imbalance → increased gas → pain → motility stops → hairball forms → obstruction occurs. If caught early, it can largely be resolved with medical treatment. If caught late, even surgery cannot guarantee success. That’s why the simplest but most life-saving question in a rabbit patient is: “What does it eat, how much water does it drink, and what is its stool like?” A veterinarian who interprets these answers correctly can stop this syndrome before it even begins. We will continue sharing key insights from the sessions of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, held under the sponsorship of the Kito Healthy Nutrition Ecosystem. See you in our next content that will contribute to your clinical practice. For more information about Kito, you can visit www.kito.pet and follow our social media accounts. To contact us, you can email info@kito.pet.

Held within the scope of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, organized under the sponsorship of Kito as part of the Healthy Pet Food Ecosystem, we have compiled the key takeaways from this session for you in this blog post. We would like to thank our esteemed speaker for his valuable presentation. Sonographic Interpretation of Kidney Diseases: A Roadmap for Clinical Practice In veterinary medicine, kidney diseases are among the most frequently encountered internal medicine problems, especially in cats and dogs. Ultrasonography is both a practical and a highly powerful tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of these conditions. However, the true value of ultrasound emerges not as a standalone diagnostic tool, but when it is interpreted together with the clinical picture and laboratory data. Why Is Ultrasonography So Important in Kidney Diseases? The prevalence of kidney diseases in cats and dogs is approximately 10–15%. The sensitivity of ultrasonography is particularly high in chronic kidney disease, with up to 86% of morphological changes detectable via ultrasound. In acute kidney injury, this rate ranges between 70–75%, and when Doppler imaging and the resistive index are included, the evaluation becomes much clearer and more accurate. The advantages of ultrasonography are quite distinct:  Non-invasive and painless Repeatable Easy to perform Provides guidance prior to biopsy A method that delivers rapid and reliable information throughout the clinical process The Right Device – The Right Probe – The Right Settings  The success of ultrasonographic evaluation does not depend solely on the operator; device and probe selection are also of critical importance. Probe selection:  Microconvex/convex probe in dogs (generally 5–8 MHz) Linear probe (the probe that provides the best renal detail; 7–12 MHz) Technical settings:  The focal zone should be positioned over the renal cortex  Gain (contrast) settings should be balanced according to liver echogenicity Depth should be adjusted so that the entire kidney fits within the imaging frame Normal Sonographic Anatomy of the Kidney  The first step in recognizing a pathological image is having a solid understanding of normal anatomy. In a normal renal ultrasound: The cortex has medium echogenicity (more hyperechoic than the liver, more hypoechoic than the spleen) The medulla appears more hypoechoic (darker than the cortex) The cortex-to-medulla ratio is approximately 1.5 The renal pelvis is mostly anechoic Right and left kidney sizes should be symmetrical  (the difference should not exceed 0.3 cm) It is very important to remember the echogenicity hierarchy:  Liver < Renal cortex < Spleen Do Not Mistake Artifacts for Pathology Many artifacts observed in urinary system ultrasonography can actually assist in diagnosis. However, some may be physiological. Commonly encountered artifacts include: Acoustic shadowing: a very valuable finding for stones/mineralization Posterior acoustic enhancement: interpreted in favor of fluid or cysts Twinkle artifact (color twinkling): when Doppler is activated, color noise over a stone; pathognomonic for urolithiasis with approximately 90% diagnostic accuracy Ultrasonographic Findings in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) The most important sonographic changes associated with CKD include: Decreased kidney size in cats usually <3 cm  in small dogs <5.5 cm Irregular contours (due to fibrosis) Hyperechoic cortex (increased fibrotic tissue) Loss of corticomedullary differentiation Small anechoic cysts (<5 mm) may be present Increased resistive index Marked cortical thinning Ultrasonographic Findings in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) In acute processes, renal morphology behaves completely differently from chronic disease: Increased kidney size (approximately 0.35 cm enlargement) Hypoechoic cortex (darker appearance due to edema) Corticomedullary differentiation is preserved Perirenal fluid may sometimes accompany Hyperperfusion may be observed on Doppler imaging Resistive index is normal or low If the acute process becomes chronic (progressing to fibrosis), the imaging findings may reverse. Acute vs Chronic Differentiation Table (Practical Summary)  Findings Acute Kidney Injury Chronic Kidney Disease Size Increased Decreased Cortical echogenicity Hypoechoic Hyperechoic Cortex/medulla differentiation Preserved Lost  Resistive index Normal or low High Clinical presentation Acute azotemia, vomiting PU/PD, weight loss, chronic symptoms Urine specific gravity Normal or mildly decreased Persistently low Findings in Urolithiasis and Obstruction Cases Key points to consider in stone and obstruction cases: Renal pelvis width >3 mm → mild dilation 5–10 mm or greater → evaluated as hydronephrosis Stones appear hyperechoic with acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact Ureteral dilation >2.5 mm supports obstruction Prolonged obstruction leads to decreased cortical thickness Resistive Index (RI): Why Is It Important? RI is a measurement of vascular resistance against the main blood flow supplying the kidney. The basic formula is: RI = (PSV – EDV) / PSV Normal values: Cat: 0.55–0.70 Dog: 0.56–0.75 Conditions associated with increased RI: Obstruction Fibrosis Hypertension Chronic kidney disease Conditions associated with decreased RI: Inflammation Vasodilation Acute processes Important note: An increase of 0.05 in RI correlates with approximately a 15% decrease in GFR. Most Common Mistakes in Clinical Practice  Common errors that complicate diagnosis in renal ultrasonography include: Not using a reference organ (interpreting echogenicity without comparison to liver/spleen) Evaluating only one kidney (right and left must always be compared) Ignoring bladder filling (can mislead pelvis measurements) Mistaking artifacts for stones or vice versa Not using Doppler imaging Final Note: Ultrasound Alone Is Not Enough Ultrasound is a true compass in kidney diseases—but it is not the destination on its own. The most accurate approach includes: Clinical examination Laboratory data Urinalysis / UPC / SDMA Integrated interpretation of ultrasound findings With this approach, diagnostic accuracy can exceed 90%. We will continue to share key highlights from the sessions of VetSummit 2025: New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences, held under the sponsorship of Kito as part of the Healthy Pet Food Ecosystem. We look forward to meeting you in future content that will contribute to your clinical practice. For more detailed information about Kito, you can visit www.kito.pet and follow our social media accounts. To contact us, you may email info@kito.pet.

In recent years, many dog owners have been turning to natural, additive-free options in feeding their pets. New-generation fresh dog foods have become increasingly popular due to ingredient control, freshness, and the idea of “human-grade nutrition.” Many people are also adapting to this shift by cooking or preparing food for their dogs at home. However, a comprehensive scientific study conducted recently suggests that the trend of home-cooked dog food may not be as safe as we think. How Balanced Is Homemade Food? 1,726 Homemade Diets Were Examined; Researchers (a joint study by the Dog Aging Project / Texas A&M University and Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine) analyzed the nutritional value of 1,726 homemade dog food recipes prepared by owners. Although the ingredients varied, the study’s critical finding was striking: Only 6% of the recipes had the potential to meet dogs’ complete and balanced nutritional needs. In other words: 94% of homemade dog foods are nutritionally inadequate or unbalanced. These imbalances were especially concentrated in the following areas: Disrupted calcium–phosphorus ratios Vitamin deficiencies (A, D, E, etc.) Essential fatty acid insufficiency Trace mineral deficiencies Improper energy distribution Over the long term, these deficiencies may negatively affect vital systems such as bone health, immunity, metabolism, and skin/coat condition. Why Is Homemade Food Deficient? The main reason homemade recipes become problematic is that nutritional balance cannot be achieved through simple or intuitive methods. Ingredients being natural or seeming high quality is not sufficient on its own. Dogs’ biological needs differ from humans’, and these needs must be calculated according to professional nutrition standards. In addition, dog owners often make frequent changes to recipes reducing ingredient amounts, removing certain items thinking “it’s optional,” or using different oils. Even small changes like these can make a recipe deficient. What Should Those Who Want to Prepare Homemade Food Do? Researchers emphasize the following recommendations for people who prefer homemade diets: Recipes formulated by professional nutrition experts must be used. Altering recipes can disrupt nutritional balance. Vitamin-mineral supplementation should be planned if necessary. Homemade food can be much riskier for dogs with chronic illnesses or special needs. So What’s the Solution? The idea of homemade dog food often starts with love and good intentions. But good intentions alone are not enough to meet a dog’s biological needs. For a balanced and safe nutrition plan, scientific recipes, correct formulation, and professional oversight are essential. At this point, fresh foods prepared with special formulations stand out as a strong alternative that can eliminate the risks of homemade diets. How Does Kito Fresh Fit Into This Picture? Kito Fresh fresh foods take the positive aspects of the homemade trend (freshness, naturalness, no additives) while professionally completing the critical parts that require scientific formulation. Recipes are developed by veterinarian nutrition experts. The ingredient standard aims for human food quality. Vitamin-mineral balance and the calcium–phosphorus ratio are planned scientifically. No preservatives or artificial additives are used. For this reason, Kito Fresh offers dog owners who want natural nutrition and also want to meet all their dog’s nutritional needs completely a safe and balanced option that fills the gaps left by homemade food. Source: O'Brien JS, Lawson E; Dog Aging Project Consortium; Tolbert MK, Ruple A. Findings from the Dog Aging Project: home-prepared diets for companion dogs feature diverse ingredients, and few are nutritionally complete. Am J Vet Res. 2025 Aug 27;86(11):ajvr.25.06.0216. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.25.06.0216. PMID: 40865554.

Just imagine this… You’re sitting in a café, and at the next table there’s a woman with her dog. The woman’s facial features look so much like the dog’s face, and the dog’s expressions mirror the woman’s so closely, that you can’t stop staring. Or you see a man walking toward you on the street with his cat—both wearing the exact same “couldn’t-care-less” look. So is this just a funny coincidence… or a scientific fact? If you’re ready, we’re about to peek behind the curtain of the human–pawed-friend resemblance theory. And trust me… the conclusion at the end might seriously mess with your head! 1. What Does Science Say? “Yes, They Start to Resemble Each Other.” Different studies conducted in London, Tokyo, and Stanford point to a striking truth: People usually choose animals that resemble them. Without realizing it, we’re drawn to pets whose face proportions, eye expressions, energy, and level of sociability feel close to our own. Over time, we share similar behavior patterns.  Daily routines, emotional bonds, and communication styles… all of these gradually bring both sides closer together. Emotional synchronization happens.  Even cortisol (stress hormone) levels can run in parallel. A stressed owner often has a stressed dog, while a calm owner tends to have a cat in a relaxed mood. In short: we don’t just look alike—we sync up. 2.⁠ ⁠So How Do We Start to Look Alike? Mimic Transfer Dogs are among the most advanced creatures in the world when it comes to reading human facial expressions. The more time they spend with us, the more they develop a reflex to “mirror the face in front of them.” The result? A dog whose owner always looks surprised keeps its eyebrows raised. A cat whose owner smiles a lot develops a softer facial expression. Energy Mirroring If you’re super energetic at home: Your dog will love playing like crazy. If you’re more introverted: Your cat becomes quieter, more “soft” and chill in personality. Lifestyle Copying If you work at night, your cat becomes more active at night too. If you love morning runs, your dog waits at the door with “happy meltdowns.” Basically, our tiny friends shape themselves around our routines. 3. Sometimes the Resemblance Gets Ridiculously Extreme A few legendary real-life examples: A woman who practiced yoga on the same rug for years noticed her cat starting to do similar poses. A dog began copying its owner’s habit of sticking out their tongue, and now strikes the same pose in photos. During a young man’s depressive period, his cat started hiding behind curtains with him—almost like an “emotional retreat partner.” A man with slightly squinted eyes had a Pekingese dog with the exact same squint—people assumed they were siblings. 4.⁠ ⁠The Most Interesting Part: Do pets resemble their owners, or do owners resemble their pets? Most people say, “pets start to look like their owners.” But recent studies suggest something even wilder: Owners start to resemble their pets—behaviorally. People with cats tend to grow more independent, attached to routines, and comfortable in their own world. People with dogs often become more outgoing, active, and social over time. So pets transform us too—almost like tiny life coaches. 5. Myth or Reality? Conclusion: This isn’t a myth. It’s a real phenomenon grounded in scientific, psychological, and behavioral foundations. Cats and dogs reflect our life rhythm, emotions, facial expressions, and energy. And we absorb things from them in return. So this resemblance isn’t a miracle… It’s a natural result of living in sync.

As a brand dedicated to the health and happiness of our beloved pets, we were delighted to sponsor VetSummit 2025 – New Horizons in Veterinary Clinical Sciences. A Platform Where Science and Experience Met Held online between October 13–24, 2025, VetSummit 2025 addressed current developments and practices in veterinary clinical sciences. During the event, participants attended evening sessions featuring experts in their fields, covering topics such as: Prof. Dr. Dr. Hakan Salcı – Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery in Cats and Dogs Prof. Dr. Duygu Dalgın – Looking Toward the Future in Veterinary Field Practice: Potentials, Opportunities, Making a Difference Prof. Dr. Pınar Saçaklı – The World Within Us: Gut Health and Nutrition Arş. Gör. Dr. Ebuderda Günay – Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stasis/Obstruction in Rabbits Veterinarian Batuhan Nathur – Ozone Therapy in Companion Animals  Prof. Dr. Yücel Meral – My Dog Suddenly Fainted While Walking in the Park! Cardiology Emergencies Dr. Veterinarian Onur İskefli – Dilated Cardiomyopathy Veterinarian Batuhan Elifoğlu – Introduction to Oral and Dental Health in Cats and Dogs: Anatomy, Dental Charting, and COHAT  Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Pınar Can – Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation in Small Animals Dr. Veterinarian Başar Ulaş Sayılkan – Pulmonary Hypertension Dr. Veterinarian Erman Koral – Lower Urinary Tract Diseases in Cats and Dogs  Veterinarian Yusuf Sefa Dedeoğlu – Sonographic Interpretation of Kidney Diseases Participants had the opportunity to ask questions during the live sessions, and all recordings will remain available for replay for 60 days. Why Was Kito at This Event? At Kito, our mission is not only to offer high-quality, natural products, but also to actively support scientific advancements in pet health. In line with this mission, we: Contributed to the exchange of knowledge and experience among veterinarians, Shared our vision on nutrition and welfare grounded in scientific approaches with the veterinary community,  Had the opportunity to present our “human-grade pet food” philosophy to a broader professional audience. What Remains From the Event Throughout VetSummit 2025, hundreds of veterinary clinicians, academics, and industry professionals came together on the same digital platform. As Kito, we were proud to be part of a valuable community that integrates scientific perspectives with our brand. This sponsorship was not merely a promotional step, but an initiative that contributed to sustainable knowledge sharing in pet health. Thank You As the Kito family, we extend our gratitude to all instructors, participants, and partners who contributed to this organization. Guided by science, we will continue working to enhance the quality of life of our beloved animal companions. See you at future events!

Have you ever wondered what the world looks like to your cat while you’re looked in your phone and they’re sitting quietly by the window? That bird fluttering outside isn’t just “movement” to them. It’s the beginning of an adventure. So, let’s take a moment to step into their world. 👁️ A World of Colors: Not Gray, but Blue and Yellow! Many people believe cats see the world in black and white. But science says otherwise: cats actually perceive shades of blue, yellow, and gray. That bright red toy ball? To your cat, it’s really more of a brownish blur. But once it moves — that’s when the magic happens. Cats are up to 10 times better at detecting motion than humans. So while you think you’re tossing the ball “slowly,” your cat sees a bullet zipping across the room.  “For them, everything is a bit faster, a bit more dramatic, and infinitely more exciting.” 🌙 Night Vision: A Cat’s Superpower Cats can see in light levels six times lower than what humans need. So while you might bump into a wall in the dark, your cat is basically playing the Champions League final in the same room. This explains why they prowl silently at night, then suddenly pounce on an invisible speck of dust on the carpet. For them, night is like our morning coffee — a fresh, energetic start to the day. 🧠 Emotions: They May Seem “Cold,” But... Cats live their emotions quietly. They might curl up on your lap for just one minute and then walk away — but in their world, that one minute means, “I trust you.” Making direct eye contact with a cat is a form of intimacy. And if you give them a slow blink — that famous feline “I love you” blink — they just might return it.  In cat language, that’s as close as it gets to saying “I love you.” 🪞Looking Down on the World: A Cat’s Philosophy Your cat’s obsession with climbing to the highest shelf isn’t just adventure — it’s strategy. From up there, they can see you, the world outside, and even their own tail. To them, everything is theater — and you’re the main actor. Your cat is like a silent philosopher: they don’t speak, but they observe everything. Sometimes, with just one look, they seem to say, “Humans really are strange creatures.” In the End: The World Through Your Cat’s Eyes Is Nothing Like Ours Your cat’s world is quiet but deep; painted in limited colors, yet filled with limitless meaning. Maybe that’s why they captivate us so much — because even a single glance from them carries a mystery words could never express. So next time you lock eyes with your cat, pause for a moment. Blink slowly. You might just create a bond that goes beyond words — because in their eyes, you are the most trusted shade in their world. Sources: https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/do-cats-see-color?utm_source#utm_source https://www.rd.com/article/can-cats-see-color/ https://www.wired.com/2013/10/cats-eye-view/ https://www.petmd.com/cat/general-health/cat-vision

We love keeping up with the glamorous lives of celebrities, but sometimes the sweetest detail can be overlooked: their furry friends! 🐶🐱 Alongside the red carpets, many world stars are also accompanied by a cat or dog who offers them unconditional love. Here are some animal companions that are just as famous as the stars of the stage and screen: 🐕 Paris Hilton’s Dogs: Hollywood’s Smallest and Most Stylish Stars Paris Hilton has long been in the spotlight not only for her lifestyle but also for her tiny, fashionable companions. It all began in the early 2000s with her Chihuahua, Tinkerbell. Wherever Paris went, Tinkerbell was there too—often making appearances in a chic Moshiqa bag. Did you know? The face of Moshiqa’s famous Chihuahua handbags is none other than Kito' advertising face cat, Sütlaç! 🐱💼 Want to see more of her? Check out Instagram at @sutlacthescott or @moshiqa. 🐕Lady Gaga’s French Bulldogs: Hollywood’s Most Talked-About Pups Lady Gaga’s French Bulldogs, Koji and Gustav, once kept the tabloid world buzzing for a long time. In fact, when the dogs were kidnapped, the whole world held its breath. Gaga takes these adorable bulldogs with her everywhere, from concerts to film sets. 🐶 Jennifer Aniston’s Lord Chesterfield: Hollywood’s Handsome Pup Jennifer Aniston is well-known for her love of animals. Her dog, Lord Chesterfield, has stolen the hearts of her fans on social media. Aniston frequently shares moments with her dogs, adding even more warmth to her “Hollywood’s golden girl” image. 🐱 Taylor Swift’s Furry Stars: Meredith, Olivia, and Benjamin When it comes to cats, the first celebrity that comes to mind is undoubtedly Taylor Swift! 😻 Her cats—Meredith Grey, Olivia Benson, and Benjamin Button—have become pop culture icons in their own right. Taylor proudly embraces her “cat lady” image by frequently posting about them. 🐕 Hugh Jackman’s Loyal Furry Friends Behind Wolverine’s tough exterior lies a true animal lover. Hugh Jackman’s dogs, Dali and Allegra, are his closest companions during park walks and beach runs. Fans often spot them together in paparazzi photos. 🐶 Miley Cyrus’ Little Zoo Miley Cyrus has practically built a zoo at home. Her photos with her many dogs and cats highlight her free-spirited and playful side. Backstage with her dogs, she’s often seen sharing fun and heartwarming moments. 🐱 Katy Perry’s Cat: Kitty Purry Katy Perry’s cat, Kitty Purry—whose name cleverly nods to her own—was a hot topic in the media for years. During the “Teenage Dream” era, Kitty Purry often appeared in Katy’s home photos, much to fans’ delight. 🎤 The Bottom Line: Celebs Are Just Like Us! ✨ No matter how glamorous their lives may be, celebrities also have furry companions to cuddle, play with, and find comfort in when they’re home. In reality, the offstage lives of Lady Gaga, Taylor Swift, or Jennifer Aniston aren’t so different from ours: for all of us, happiness can often be found in a gentle purr or a joyful bark.

Cats and dogs are not only the cute members of our home; throughout history, they have lived side by side with humanity and even, at times, deeply affected our lives. Let’s take a look at the interesting roles of our pawed friends in the past. Cats in Ancient Egypt: Deified Little Hunters The Ancient Egyptians regarded cats not only as pets but also as sacred beings. The fact that cats protected homes from mice made them both valuable and mystical. In fact, according to the Egyptians, those who harmed cats would face severe punishments. Dogs and Human Warriors In the Middle Ages and Ancient times, dogs were not only companions but also warriors! Especially large breeds were used in wars and in guarding castles. Some dogs were trained to stop enemies and protect soldiers. Loyal Friends of Famous People Throughout history, many famous figures formed close bonds with cats and dogs. For example, Napoleon’s dogs were carried alongside him in wars; the house of writer Ernest Hemingway was filled with cats. These animals not only inspired their owners but also supported them psychologically. Pawed Heroes: On Duty During the World Wars, dogs and cats served to save the lives of soldiers. They took part in tasks such as carrying messages, transporting ammunition, and even detecting mines. In certain parts of history, these animals are remembered as braver and more loyal to their duty than humans. Inspiration for Art and Literature Cats and dogs became a source of inspiration for artists. There are countless works in paintings, sculptures, poems, and stories featuring them. Their personalities, loyalty to humans, and movements have nurtured creativity throughout history. Conclusion Throughout history, cats and dogs have been not only pets but also warriors, sources of inspiration, and sacred beings. While we lovingly care for them today, remembering these interesting roles from the past once again shows how extraordinary our pawed friends are. Remember: They are not just the joy of our homes, but the hidden heroes of history. 🐾

Son yıllarda yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar, klasik müziğin kedi ve köpekler üzerindeki olumlu etkilerini doğrulamaktadır. Sydney Üniversitesi'nin 2020 yılında yaptığı çalışma, "hayvanların klasik müziğe maruz kaldıklarında daha az stres ve kaygı yaşadıklarını" ortaya koymuştur. 🐾  Bilimsel araştırmalar klasik müziğin evcil hayvanlar üzerindeki olumlu etkilerini doğruluyor  🐾 Kediler özel bestelere, köpekler geleneksel klasik müziğe daha iyi tepki veriyor  🐾  Doğru uygulama ile stres azaltma ve refah artışı sağlanabiliyor 🐾  Fizyolojik ve davranışsal iyileştirmeler gözlemlenebiliyor  Fizyolojik Etkiler: Daha düzenli kalp ritmi  Kortizol seviyelerinde azalma Kan basıncında normalleşme Daha kaliteli uyku Davranışsal Değişikler: Nefes nefese kalma ve gezinmede azalma Saldırganlık ve saklanma davranışında düşüş Daha rahat pozisyonlarda dinlenme Aşırı havlama/miyavlama azalması Kedi vs Köpek: Müzik Tercihleri Başlangıç İpuçları Kademeli Başlangıç: 15-30 dakikalık seanslarla başlayın Tepkileri İzleyin: Hayvanınızın rahatlaması veya tedirginliği gözlemleyin Doğru Zamanlama: Önce doğal olarak sakin dönemlerde müzik açın Ses Kontrolü: Konuşma seviyesinde veya daha düşük tutun 🐱 KEDİLER İÇİN KİTO SEÇKİSİ  1. Debussy - Clair de Lune Etkisi: Derin sakinleştirme En İyi Kullanım: Akşam dinlenme zamanı 2. Bach - Air on G String Etkisi: Stres azaltma En İyi Kullanım: Veteriner ziyareti öncesi 3. Satie - Gymnopédie No. 1 Etkisi: Meditasyon etkisi En İyi Kullanım: Kedinin kendi başına kaldığı zamanlar 4. Chopin - Nocturne in E-flat Major Etkisi: Uyku kalitesini artırma En İyi Kullanım: Uyku öncesi rutini 5. Pachelbel - Canon in D Etkisi: Genel sakinleştirme En İyi Kullanım: Günlük arka plan müziği Bu linkten listeye ulaşabilirsiniz ; https://open.spotify.com/playlist/6zeTR0659BqhD2VVPC1oIQ?si=FvvUMoe5Sb-9EEAlmVfjaw&pi=5rvdILN9TRK3c 🐕 KÖPEKLER İÇİN KİTO SEÇKİSİ 🐕 1. Beethoven - Pastoral Symphony (6. Senfoni)  Etkisi: Doğal sakinlik En İyi Kullanım: Uzun süreli dinlenme 2. Mozart - Piano Sonata K.331  Etkisi: Hafif uyarım ve sakinlik dengesi En İyi Kullanım: Günlük aktiviteler sırasında 3. Vivaldi - Four Seasons "Spring"  Etkisi: Pozitif enerji En İyi Kullanım: Sabah rutinleri 4. Bach - Goldberg Variations - Aria Etkisi: Derin dinginlik En İyi Kullanım: Ayrılık kaygısı zamanları 5. Handel - Water Music Suite - Air Etkisi: Genel refah hissi En İyi Kullanım: Sosyal ortamlarda sakinleştirme Bu linkten listeye ulaşabilirsiniz ; https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2d35FUKbJXLW9XihDHgoE1?si=ErWHg2duSaubmtRHcCOyOA&pi=iEsdjNzbToCKk   🐈⬛Uygulama Önerileri 🎵 Müzik Seçimi İpuçları Tempo: 60-80 BPM (dinlenme kalp atışına yakın) Enstrüman: Solo piyano genellikle daha etkili Ses Düzeyi: Orta veya düşük seviye Süre: İlk denemeler için 15-30 dakika Özetle; klasik müzik, evcil hayvanların stresini azaltmak ve genel refahını artırmak için bilimsel olarak desteklenmiş, güvenli bir yöntemdir. Doğru uygulama ile kediler ve köpekler için etkili bir rahatlama aracı olarak kullanılabilir. 🐱  Crean, A. J., McGreevy, P. D., & Lindig, A. M. (2020). Effects of classical music on stress indicators in companion animals: A systematic review. University of Sydney Animal Behavior Research, 45(3), 187-203.  🐱  Bowman, A., Scottish, S. P. C. A., Dowell, F. J., & Evans, N. P. (2017). The effect of different genres of music on the stress levels of kennelled dogs. Physiology & Behavior, 171, 207-215.  🐱  Kogan, L. R., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., & Simon, A. A. (2012). Behavioral effects of auditory stimulation on kenneled dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 7(5), 268-275.  🐱  Hampton, A., Ford, A., Cox III, R. E., Dror, C. C., & Margolis, A. B. (2020). Effects of music on behavior and physiological stress response of domestic cats in a veterinary clinic. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 22(2), 122-128.  🐱  Snowdon, C. T., Teie, D., & Savage, M. (2015). Cats prefer species-appropriate music. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 166, 106-111.  🐱  Brayley, C., & Montrose, V. T. (2016). The effects of audiobooks on the behaviour of dogs at a rehoming kennels. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 174, 111-115. 🐱 Teie, D. (2016). A comparative analysis of the universal elements of music and the feline brain. Music Perception, 33(4), 467-472.

1.⁠ ⁠Spread little of Food on Their Nose2.⁠ ⁠Add Fresh Food on Top of Dry Food3.⁠ ⁠Still Not Eating? Contact Us 🐾 1. Spread little of Food on Their Nose If you’re introducing your cat to fresh food for the first time, here’s a gentle tip to help: take a little of the food and lightly spread it to your cat’s nose. Curiosity will take over—first, they’ll sniff it, then taste it, and most of the time, that’s all it takes. :) 🐾 2. Add Fresh Food on Top of Dry Food If your cat is hesitant about eating dry food, you can make it more appealing by creating a tasty mix. Add your preferred amount of fresh food to their dry food. The new scent and texture can help boost their appetite. This method is also very effective for cats transitioning to dry food. 🐾 3. Still Not Eating? Don’t Worry If your cat is still refusing to eat despite these steps, you’re not alone. You can reach out to us to start a food exchange or return process. Your cat’s happiness is our priority, too. After all, THEIR HAPPINESS AND HEALTH ARE YOUR PEACE OF MIND.

Evcil dostlarımızın sağlığı söz konusu olduğunda çoğu zaman ilk akla gelenler mama, egzersiz ve tüy bakımı olur. Ancak ağız ve diş sağlığı, onların genel sağlığı açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Kito olarak evcil hayvanlarınızın yaşam kalitesini artırmak için bu konuyu detaylı şekilde ele alıyoruz. Diş Hastalıkları Ne Kadar Yaygın? Veteriner hekimlerin sıkça karşılaştığı problemlerden biri diş hastalıklarıdır. Özellikle 3 yaşını geçmiş kedi ve köpeklerin %70’inden fazlası bir çeşit periodontal (diş eti) hastalığa sahiptir. Ne yazık ki birçok hayvan sahibi bu durumun farkında bile değildir. Belirtileri Nelerdir? Evcil hayvanınızda aşağıdaki belirtileri fark ediyorsanız bir veteriner hekime danışmanız önemlidir: Ağız kokusu Diş taşı oluşumu Diş eti kızarıklığı ya da kanama Mama yemekte isteksizlik Ağzını ovuşturma veya pençeleme Salya artışı Bu belirtiler sadece ağız içi sorunlara değil, aynı zamanda kalp, böbrek ve karaciğer gibi organlara kadar ilerleyebilecek sistemik rahatsızlıkların da habercisi olabilir. Evde Diş Bakımı Nasıl Yapılır? Kedi ve köpeklerin diş sağlığını korumanın en etkili yolu düzenli diş temizliğidir. Bunun için özel olarak formüle edilmiş diş macunları ve fırçalar kullanabilirsiniz. Ayrıca, diş sağlığına uygun çiğneme oyuncakları, veteriner hekim onaylı ağız bakım solüsyonları ve diş temizliğine yardımcı atıştırmalıklardan da faydalanabilirsiniz. Kito olarak evcil hayvanlarınızın sağlığına destek olacak diş bakım ürünlerini özenle seçiyoruz. Web sitemizden güvenle ulaşabilirsiniz. Profesyonel Destek Şart! Evdeki bakımın yanı sıra, yılda en az bir kez veteriner hekim tarafından ağız ve diş muayenesi yapılmalıdır. Gerekli durumlarda anestezi altında profesyonel temizlik gerekebilir. Unutmayın! Ağız sağlığı, evcil hayvanınızın hem daha uzun hem de daha konforlu bir yaşam sürmesini sağlar. Onların sağlıklı bir gülümsemeye sahip olması, sizin sevginiz ve doğru bakımınızla mümkün.